Aspiring Bakers #31 - Bao Ho-Chiak 包好吃 (May 2013)


Aspiring Bakers #31 - Bao Ho-Chiak 包好吃 (May 2013) is coming. Stay tuned to this blog as we help you find the BEST CHINESE STEAMED BUN (BAO) recipe, guaranteed to be delicious! Bao Ho-Chiak 包好吃! Submission starts from 1 May 2013 to 31 May 2013. The round up will be held on 1 June 2013.

Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Korean Seaweed Egg Drop Somen Noodle Soup (韩式紫菜蛋花素面汤)

I like to cook porridge or noodles for my lunch, I dun like to eat bread everyday for lunch. I know people in Europe have bread for breakfast, lunch and sometimes even dinner. But I didn't grow up in Europe, and even though I have been here for years, I can't bring myself to eat bread everyday for lunch. Breads in Asia are only meant for breakfast and tea time, and if you eat bread for lunch or dinner, unless you are eating some expensive SubWay sandwiches which cost about the price of 2 plates of chicken rice or more, otherwise people will laugh at you for being poor, cos only poor people have bread for lunch and dinner. Seriously. But I am not worried of being laughed at, who cares? I just want to have something warm for lunch, that's all.

Anyway, it's difficult to cook for 1 person at lunch time, so I sometimes eat noodles because it is quick and easy. I know eating too much instant noodles is not good for your health, so I try to stick to healthier japanese somen noodles (素面) or buckwheat noodles (乔麦面). But these types of noodles don't taste good when you cook them plain, unless you cook them in a soup base. Then I came across this dish in Aeri's Kitchen, which inspired me to cook somen noodles in seaweed soup. It was actually a seaweed egg drop soup, but I adapted the recipe such that it became a seaweed egg drop AND noodle soup. This is a very simple yet nourishing noodle soup which I have made almost everyday for the past 2 weeks, so much so that I can already close 2 eyes while cooking and whip up the dish within 10 min. I never get tired of it. If you like seaweed and noodles, this is the perfect 10 min dish for your lunch. 



To help me remember this recipe, I keep to the 3-sheets/3-cups/3-minutes rule, i.e. use 3 sheets of nori seaweed, 3 cups of water, once water starts boiling, throw in the seaweed and cook for 3 min on medium-high. Then after 3 min, drizzle the egg mixture and cook for another 3 min or more until the noodles are cooked. It will take you about 10 min from start to end. :)

Here is my adapted recipe from my favourite korean website, Aeri's Kitchen.

For 1 serving only

Basic Ingredients 
3 sheets dried seaweed (yaki nori / 紫菜)
3 cups water *
1 egg, beaten
1 tsp minced garlic (I sometimes omit this bcos I am lazy)
1 tbsp sesame oil
1 tbsp light soya sauce
1/4 tsp salt

*may need to increase to 3.5 cups if adding a lot of noodles or ingredients

Extra Ingredients (特别好料)
3 surimi crabsticks (frozen) 
5 fishballs (frozen), or other seafood
some japanese somen noodles or instant noodles

1. In a pot, add 3 cups of water and boil it on HIGH heat. Then cut or tear the 3 sheets of dried seaweed into bite-size pieces. Beat the egg well and set aside first. (If you are adding frozen seafood such as fishballs or prawns, you can throw them into the pot right at the very beginning to cook and give the soup a better flavour. You can add fresh minced meat also. Surimi crabsticks are best left till later, as they cook very easily.)

2. Once water starts boiling, add the seaweed. Add 1 tbsp of light soya sauce and 1 tsp minced garlic. Cook for 3 min on Medium-High. (Add in the surimi crabsticks at this stage. If you are adding noodles that take longer to cook, add them in now. )

3. After 3 min, slowly drizzle the egg mixture into the soup. Wait for few seconds then stir it gently with chopsticks or fork. Add in the somen noodles now. Cook for another 3 min on Medium-High. (Somen noodles take 3-4 min whereas buckwheat noodles can take 5-6 min which means you have to add them earlier, always check the instructions of your noodles packaging.)

4. Just before serving, adjust to taste by adding 1/8 to 1/4 tsp salt and drizzle some sesame oil. (I like sesame oil, so I added 1 tbsp instead of 1 tsp). 

Smakelijk eten allemaal :)

Monday, May 13, 2013

AB #31 - Polo Bao/Pineapple Bun (菠萝包) Version 2

I thought I would rest for a few days, 养精蓄锐, before I embark on another round of polo bao making again. The failure of my previous hong kong polo bao (or so-called pineapple bun because the crust looks like a pineapple) has been "haunting" me for the past few nights. I thought I should try the recipe again, I just dun wanna give up so easily. Just 4 buns and they took me 4 hours from start to finish. It's a lot of effort for so little output but His Majesty (my 4 year old son) has been singing praises and nagging me about "that cute and delicious bread", asking me every morning when I am gonna make it again. Since yesterday was another dreary rainy day where you couldn't possible go anywhere else but stay at home with 2 small kids, I decided to attempt the polo bao again. (Yes I know it's Mothers' Day, but my 2 kids are too young to celebrate for me, and my hubby doesn't seem to know sunday is a special day, so there I am, still toiling in the kitchen, making buns for my dear son!)



I have 2 other recipes bookmarked for hong kong polo bao, one from Corner Cafe and another from Christine's recipes. Both used sweet bread dough (tangzhong method) as the bread dough, but I was too lazy to do the tangzhong method, moreover I felt there was nothing wrong with the bread dough I tried on Thursday, the problem I had was with the sticky polo crust dough. Maybe there was nothing wrong with the original polo crust dough in the first place, but I didn't wanna take any risks, so I decided to stick to the original bread dough from Grace, and try out the polo crust dough from Corner Cafe.

Bread dough recipe adapted from Grace's Kitchen Corner

Ingredients for bread dough
150g bread flour
1 tbsp milk powder
1/4 tsp salt
30g sugar
1 tbsp beaten egg (cold)*
1 tsp yeast
70g water (cold)*
15g butter, cut into small cubes (cold)*

*Note that the egg, water and butter have to be cold from the fridge, because this is a very sticky dough, and it is best to use cold ingredients. It is really sticky, so it is advisable to either knead with bread machine or kitchen aid, not with your bare hands. 

Method for bread dough
1. Place everything except butter into a the mixing bowl of the bread machine. Let it knead for 10 minutes using the "Dough" mode, and leave the lid open, otherwise it gets too warm and the dough becomes more sticky. 

2. After 10 min, add in cold butter. Restart the bread machine and let it knead for another 20 min using the "Dough" mode. (Total kneading time will be 30 min, after which the dough will become a smooth, not-so-sticky, stretchable dough that can pass the "window-pane" test, although it will still stick a little bit to your fingers as you remove it from the bowl. Weight of dough was about 285g.)

3. Place the dough in a well-greased bowl, cover with clingwrap, and let it proof for 1 hour in a warm place or until doubled in size. 

4. After 1 hour, punch out the gas and divide it into 4 portions, cover with clingwrap and proof for another 15 min.





Polo crust dough adapted from Corner Cafe

Ingredients for polo crust dough
30g butter, cut into small cubes (cold)
30g icing sugar
60g cake flour 
2 tsp milk powder
12g or 1/4 of a beaten egg

* Corner Cafe made 8 portions of polo crust dough with this recipe, strange but I made 4 portions with the same recipe. 

Method for polo crust dough
1. Sift the icing sugar, cake flour, milk powder in a large mixing bowl. 

2. Add in the cold butter, rub in the butter with the flour mixture (using cold finger tips!) until it resembles fine breadcrumbs. Alternatively you can use the dough hook to briefly pulse the mixture a few times until it resembles fine breadcrumbs. Do not over-rub or over-process with dough hook.

3. Add in 1/4 of a beaten egg, and use a spatula or use your hands to bring everything together to form a dough, do not over knead. Shape into a flattened ball, wrap in clingwrap and chill in fridge for at least 30 min for it to harden. Weight of dough was about 125g.

4. Divide the chilled polo crust dough into 4 equal portions. Take 1 portion and keep the remaining portions covered and chilled in the fridge, use a rolling pin to roll it out between 2 sheets of clingwrap into a circle with edges thinner than the centre. (The centre has to be much thicker than the sides otherwise the polo crust dough will break in the centre as you push in the bread dough, this is very important, and I only realised that while doing the last 2 buns.)

5. Place the rolled out polo crust dough in one hand and the bread dough in another hand. Put the bread dough on top of the polo crust dough such that the polo crust dough is encasing about 2/3 of the bread dough. Start pushing the centre of the bread dough down with your thumb into the polo crust dough while turning the palm of your hand and pressing upward the polo crust dough. Continue to turn and press the bread dough until it is completely enclosed by the polo crust dough. Pinch and seal the edges of the dough and place the sealed side down on a baking tray lined with baking paper. Repeat this for the rest of the buns. (For illustration, pls follow the step-by-step pictures in Corner Cafe's blog, it's impossible for me to take pictures with sticky hands. Some recipes do not enclose the bread dough with the polo crust dough completely the way I did, for eg. Christine's recipes. Maybe I should just cover the top with the polo crust dough in future, seems much easier.)

6. Use a sharp serrated knife to gently draw a criss-cross pineapple pattern on the crust, cover with clingwrap and let it proof for 1 hour. (I prefer to cut the criss-cross pattern before proofing so that the pattern would expand nicely after 1 hour, and then apply the egg wash before putting in the oven. Corner cafe did the criss-cross pattern and egg wash as a final step before putting in the oven, whereas Grace did both the criss-cross and egg wash before proofing.)

7. Preheat the oven to 180 degrees celsius. Brush the buns with some egg wash and bake in the upper half of the oven for 12-15 min or until golden brown. (Keep an eye on your buns when they are placed so close to the top of the oven. My oven had uneven heating on top so there was an uneven shade of golden brown on my buns.)


Hubby says the this special-effect foto looks like a radioactive glow-in-the-dark pineapple bun, LOL!

So what is the verdict? I already knew these polo buns were great bcos I made 4 of them last Thursday, and we finished 3 of them within 5 minutes. There was only a tiny morsel left on Friday morning for poor mama, most of it was already gobbled up by His Majesty. The crust dough was heavenly, while fresh and hot from the oven, but I can assure you the taste was still good even on the 2nd day, without heating in the oven. 

Note: Thanks to Small Small Baker for her advice on what went wrong for my previous attempt on polo bao. :)


I am submitting this to Aspiring Bakers #31 - Bao Ho-Chiak (May 2013) hosted by none other than myself, Miss B of Everybody Eats Well in Flanders.


I am also submitting this to YeastSpotting.

Saturday, May 11, 2013

DDMT Steamed Horlicks Cupcakes (Bake-Along)


There is a little sweet story behind these delicious DDMT Steamed Horlicks Cupcakes. Once upon a time, I chanced upon a recipe posted on a now-defunct baking blog owned by DJ Violet Fenying. She is a very famous Singapore radio DJ who runs a cooking/baking program on radio, and her baking/cooking blog was very popular until it was shut down suddenly in March 2010 due to copyrights reasons. Nowadays she uploads her new recipes to her FB page instead. 

Last year when I hosted the Aspiring Bakers Steaming Hot Cakes event, I got to know Mui Mui from my little favourite DIY and I asked her if she was willing to try out a good recipe on my behalf since I couldn't find Horlicks here in Belgium. She spontaneously agreed and this was her submission to my event. It has been 6 months, and everytime I went to Chinatown, I tried asking around for Horlicks, and after the 3rd time, I struck gold and the chinese supermart happened to have Horlicks in stock! My precious Horlicks, finally I got you! It's very expensive but well-worth the money! 


Mui Mui said this recipe was fantastic and thanked me for recommending it to her. Hey, I should thank her for trying it on my behalf in the first place. Mui Mui, so sorry that I kept procrastinating and didn't attempt the recipe earlier. This time round, I decided that I "die die" must do, so here it is, my version of the DDMT (Die Die Must Try) Steamed Horlicks Cupcakes.

Recipe adapted from Violet Fenying FB Page and Mui Mui

Ingredients A (to be melted)
100g unsalted butter 
50g sugar 
50g condensed milk (about 2 heaped tbsp) 
100g fresh milk 
100g Horlicks 

Ingredients B (beat well) 
2 medium-sized eggs (about 100g without shell) 
1/4 tsp vanilla extract 

Ingredients C (sieved) 
100g plain flour 
2 tsp baking powder 

Horlick Cream (this makes a very large serving for 9 cupcakes, you can make 1/2 or 3/4 of it)
50g unsalted butter 
50g condensed milk 
50g fresh milk 
50g Horlicks 

Method (makes 9 cupcakes)
1) Place all Ingredients A in a small non-stick pot, cook over low heat and stir constantly until everything is melted, remove from heat and leave to cool. 

2) Transfer Ingredients A to a large mixing bowl. Add Ingredients B and mix well using a manual egg-whisk. 

3) Add in Ingredients C and fold using a spatula until it is well-mixed and a smooth batter is formed.

4) Pour the batter into prepared muffin cups or mould, each 3/4 full. Makes about 9 cupcakes. (I used hard paper muffin cups which I then placed inside individual metal cupcake moulds so that the hot steam will not distort the paper cups). 

5) Steam in a pre-heated steamer at MEDIUM-HIGH heat for 20 min. 

6) For making the Horlicks cream, place all the Horlicks cream ingredients in a small pot, cook over low heat and stir constantly until a smooth consistency is reached. Served together with the cupcakes for best taste. 

Verdict: 
The Steamed Horlicks Cupcakes were very rich, moist and fluffy, if you are a Horlicks lover, you would love these cupcakes, they tasted very good even on the 2nd day. I kept the cakes in a air-tight container since I had no time to make the Horlicks cream on the same night and could only make it the day after. In fact, I find the Horlicks cream a tad too sweet for my liking, I prefer the cupcakes without cream. IMHO, I think the Horlicks cream would go well on top of a chocolate cake too.



Sorry for the blur photos, I couldn't even see clearly what I was taking due to the bad lighting. If you see such photos, it either means that I was rushing for time, or there wasn't a single ray of sunlight at our place, both of which were true yesterday. :)


Nevertheless, I am submitting this as my very first entry to "Bake-Along 2nd Anniversary Celebration Cupcake" organized by Joyce of Kitchen Flavours, Lena of Frozen Wings, Zoe of Bake For Happy Kids; Happy 2nd Anniversary to Bake-Along!


Thursday, May 9, 2013

Polo Bao/Pineapple Bun (菠萝包) - 1st Attempt !

Still wondering whether I should post this or not....my very first attempt at Hong Kong Polo Bao/Pineapple Bun (菠萝包), delicious but ugly !

我很丑可是我很温柔好吃! 说真的,花这么多时间做,如果还不好吃的话,我就白做了!

This must be one of my most challenging baking tasks to-date. I mean the oil dough (polo pastry) was not easy to handle even after keeping in the fridge, it was too fragile and I couldn't wrap it nicely round the bread dough without tearing. You could see the results of the tearing, don't even have to use ammonia powder which some recipes did to achieve the crackling pattern on the pineapple crust. I spent a long time just to make 4 polo buns and felt like giving up half-way through. I think if I were to run a HK style bakery, I would go broke anytime. Half a day gone, but only 4 outputs! =)



Luckily the polo baos were delicious, that's the only saving grace! I ate one while still piping hot,  His Majesty ate one (he is a very picky eater), Her Majesty ate one (she eats almost everything, including paper), and only one left for tomorrow. I will update and give the verdict on how it tastes like tomorrow.

[Update on 13 May 2013]
Only 1 small morsel of polo bun was left on Friday, but it still tasted good. I made another batch of 4 polo buns on Sunday, this is my polo bun version 2.

Sunday, May 5, 2013

AB #31 - Steamed Chicken Bao/Bun 鸡肉包

Recently, there were too many things to do and too many backlogs accumulated, so much so that I nearly forgot that I have another bao recipe done a while ago. This time round, I used the same brand of cake flour and the same crisco shortening, simply because I wanted to make a comparison between the 2 recipes. 


The differences between this recipe and the previous HK-Style Smiling Char Siew Bao recipe were: a) double-action baking powder was used instead of single-action baking powder, b) plain sugar was used instead of icing sugar, and c) there was no wheatstarch added. Other than that, the fillings were different too. Well,  I should have used the same char siew fillings so that I can make equal comparisons, but I was tired of using char siew, so I decided to stick to the original recipe and use chicken fillings. 


If you notice, the buns didn't appear to be as white as my previous CSB, they were a little off-white or cream in colour, a bit strange because I was using the same brand of cake flour and shortening. And my chicken buns didn't seem to be the "smiling" type. I double-checked with Baking Mum's fotos, her buns were also not of the "smiling" type, so this recipe is not exactly a "smiling" recipe :)

Smiling or not smiling, it didn't really matter, what mattered most was the taste and how much my family liked the buns. Just take a look at this little pair of hands coming out from nowhere. 真的是迫不及待! 


Her Majesty alone ate 2 buns out of 14, and she is only a toddler who just learnt how to walk! What an appetite! The rest of the buns also did not last for more than a day. :)


I can't say whether the result of this recipe is as good as my smiling char siew bao recipe, because I did not test out both recipes on the same day, and my brain is not wired in such a way that I can capture sensory differences a few weeks apart. I only have fotos to show you the difference if any, in terms of colour and texture. But I would say this recipe is a pretty good recipe, the dough was quite easy to deal with, I didn't have to flour the work surface, and the texture of the chicken baos were smooth, soft and fluffy. Highly recommended, another keeper recipe!


Chicken Bao/Pau Recipe adapted from Baking Mum

Ingredients (Chicken Fillings)
300 g deboned chicken thigh meat, diced
5 chinese mushrooms, soaked in water, drained and diced
1 stalk parsley, chopped (I used coriander)
5 water-chestnuts, diced (omitted)

Seasonings
1 tbsp ginger juice (squeezed from freshly grated ginger)
1 tbsp light soya sauce
1 tsp chinese cooking wine, optional
1 tbsp sugar
1 tbsp oyster sauce
1 tbsp sesame oil
2 tsp cornflour
a dash of pepper
1 tsp chicken stock granule (I used only 1/2 a capsule)

Thickening **
1 tsp cornstarch/cornflour
1-2 tbsp water (I used 2 tbsp water) 

** Not much juice from the chicken sauce seasonings,  so dun add the cornstarch thickening all at once.

Method (Chicken Fillings)
1. Marinate chicken and chinese mushrooms with seasonings for 30 min.
2. Heat up wok with 2 tbsp oil and stir-fry the seasoned ingredients until cooked. Mix in thickening, and mix well. Leave aside to cool. Refrigerate before use.


Ingredients (Bao Dough)
400 g Hong Kong flour (I used cake flour)
200 g lukewarm water
70 g sugar
a pinch of salt
10 g or 2 tsp double-action baking powder
7 g or 2.25 tsp instant dry yeast (I used Bruggeman)
30g or 2 tbsp shortening (I used Crisco)

Method (Bao Dough)
1. Put all the dough ingredients (except lukewarm water, yeast, shortening) into a large mixing bowl and make a well in the centre. Fill the well with yeast and lukewarm water. Use spatula to gently stir the water to dissolve the yeast, then slowly bring together the flour mixture. Add in shortening and mix for 10-15 min until a soft, smooth dough is formed.  (I used the dough mode of my bread-machine, forgot to note down how long it took, but I think it was about 15 min, until the dough became smooth and no longer sticky.)

2. Cover the bowl of dough with plastic clingwrap and proof the dough for about 30 min in a warm place. (1st proofing)

3. After 1st proofing, divide the dough into 14 equal portions, about 50g each. Round up the dough into small balls, cover with plastic clingwrap and proof for another 5 min. (2nd proofing)


4. After 2nd proofing, roll out dough with a rolling pin to make a 12 cm circle, with the corner of the circle thinner than the centre.  Place 1 heaped teaspoon of fillings in the centre, pleat it and seal it tightly, about 9 to 10 pleats per bao. 

5. Place each bao on a small square piece of baking paper (8 x 8 cm) with the pleated side facing up. Cover with plastic clingwrap and let it rest and proof the last time for about 15 min. (3rd proofing)


6. In the mean time, heat up a steamer in advance. 

7. After 3rd proofing, arrange the baos in the steamer, leaving about 1-inch gap in between. Steam over medium-high heat in a preheated steamer for 15 min. (I steamed mine over HIGH heat for 12 min.)

8. Remove buns from steamer and transfer them to a cooling rack to prevent soggy bottom. The buns are best eaten hot. When you need to eat one, just warm it up in a steamer for 5 min or in microwave for about 1 min. 


Notes:
1. I used a 8% gluten level cake flour from Thailand called Royal Fan Cake Flour and I used Crisco shortening. If you want steamed white buns, you have to use both : bleached HK flour/cake flour and shortening. If either one is replaced, you will end up with yellowish buns. 

2. You may use vegetable oil (except olive oil or peanut oil) to replace shortening, it will generally not affect the taste or texture, but the buns will be yellowish. 

3. You may substitute cake flour with bleached all-purpose flour (note the word bleached), 1 cup of sifted cake flour (100 g) is equal to 3/4 cup (84 g) sifted bleached all-purposed flour plus  2 tbsp (15 g) cornstarch. But if you use unbleached all-purpose flour without any cornstarch added, the flour gluten level will not be low enough and the buns will not be as soft and fluffy, so it is not recommended.

4. For those who can't find double action baking powder (DABP), the rule of thumb for substitution is :
1 tsp DABP = 1.5 tsp (normal) baking powder; OR
1 tsp DABP = 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar + 1/4 tsp cornstarch. 

5. The steamer must be preheated and the water must be boiling before you put in the buns. Also do not open the lid when the buns are still steaming. When you open the lid, be careful that the condensation don't drip onto the steamed buns. You may cover the lid of the steamer by wrapping a tea towel around the lid to avoid condensation from dripping.


I am submitting this post to Aspiring Bakers #31 - Bao Ho-Chiak (May 2013) hosted by none other than myself, Miss B of Everybody Eats Well in Flanders.

This post has also been submitted to YeastSpotting.

Friday, May 3, 2013

Different Types of Flours for Chinese Baking and Cooking (Part 1)

When I first came to Belgium, that was like half a decade ago, I was very frustrated because I couldn't find the flour that I wanted for baking in the nearest supermart. I wanted to buy Plain Flour or All-Purpose Flour, but all I could find was "Tarwebloem", which when translated to Dutch, means wheat flour. The other flour which I saw was "Patisseriebloem" or Pastry Flour. All my baking recipes never mentioned using wheat flour for baking, they either ask for Plain Flour or Cake Flour so what the heck was that? Little did I realise that "Tarwebloem" in Belgium is just Plain Flour or All-Purpose Flour.

So I can imagine when readers from other countries try to understand the different types of flours we have in Singapore and Malaysia, it must be mind-boggling for them. Cake Flour, Hong Kong Flour, Superlite Flour, Top Flour. Why can't they use standard terminology for naming flours? Beats me why.

Anyway, after poring through a few articles over the internet, I am sharing with you what I know about flours, especially flours for making cakes, tarts, cookies, breads or buns from southeast asian recipes.

To understand what type of flour to be used for what type of cakes, tarts, cookies, breads or buns, you have to first understand the role of protein and gluten in flours. Flours are either wheat-derived or from non-wheat sources (gluten-free). Wheat flour contains protein and when it comes into contact with water and heat, it produces gluten, which helps yeast stretch and rise, and which gives elasticity and strength to baked goods. Different types of wheat flour contain different amounts of protein, so the main difference between flour types is in the gluten content, which can vary depending on whether the flour is made from hard wheat or soft wheat, what brand it is, whether it is bleached or unbleached or for what purpose. At one end of the spectrum, you have Cake Flour (lowest protein level, 6-8%), then you have Pastry Flour (8-10%) and All-Purpose or Plain Flour (medium-protein level, 10-12%), and at the other end of the spectrum, you have Bread Flour (highest-protein level, 12-14%). The type of flour used will ultimately affect the finished product, so always use the type of flour which the recipe specifically calls for. 


Cake Flour (low-protein flour, low-gluten flour, 低筋面粉) is a finely-milled soft wheat flour with a high starch content and a low protein content (6-8%). It has the lowest protein content of all wheat flours. It is smooth and velvety in texture. Cake Flour is almost always chlorinated (bleached), which toughens the protein molecules, enabling the flour to carry more sugar and liquid without collapsing. Good for making cakes (especially white cakes and biscuits) where a tender and delicate texture is desired, or cakes with a high amount of sugar and liquid in proportion to flour. One cup sifted Cake Flour can be substituted with 3/4 cup (84 grams) sifted bleached All-Purpose Flour plus 2 tablespoons (15 grams) cornstarch.  Cake Flour is sometimes also called "Softassilk Flour". 


Pastry Flour is similar to Cake Flour, but not bleached. It is made from soft wheat flour and  has a slightly higher protein content (8-10%) than Cake Flour, which aids the elasticity needed to hold together the buttery layers in flaky doughs such as croissants, puff pastry and pie crusts. It is soft and ivory in color. The medium protein level makes Pastry Flour great to use in recipes where you want a tender and crumbly pastry, as too much protein would give you a hard pastry and too little protein would give you a brittle dough.  Good for making pastry, pies and cookies. To make two cups of Pastry Flour, combine 1 1/3 cups (185 grams) All-Purpose Flour with 2/3 cup (90 grams) Cake Flour. 


Self-Rising Flour (自发粉) has a 8-9% protein content and contains flour plus baking powder and salt. If the flour is stored too long, the baking powder will lose some of its strength and your baked goods will not rise properly. If you want to make your own SR Flour, add 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/4 teaspoon salt per cup (130 grams) of All-Purpose Flour. 



All-Purpose Flour or Plain Flour (medium-protein flour, medium-gluten flour, 中筋面粉) has a 10-12% protein content and is made from a blend of hard and soft wheat flours. It can be bleached or unbleached. Good for making cakes, cookies, breads, and pastries.



Bread Flour (high-protein flour, high-gluten flour, 高筋面粉) has a 12-14% protein content and is made from hard wheat flour. The high gluten content is great for bread baking, because when combined with water, the flour becomes elastic from gluten formation, and this gives you the chewy texture that is desired in a good bread. Comes in white, whole wheat, organic, bleached and unbleached. Good for making breads and some pastries.






The above cover more or less all you need to know about flours in the western baking world. When you need to make chinese steamed buns, the recipe often calls for using Hong Kong Flour (Waterlily Flour) or Pau Flour or Cake Flour, you start scratching your head again and ask what the heck is that? Actually HK Flour = Waterlily Flour = 香港水仙面粉. Pau Flour is most of the time synonymous with HK Flour,  but not always, because some Pau Flour comes pre-mixed with added yeast. Then you wonder, why do you need HK Flour, Pau Flour or Cake Flour to make chinese steamed buns, why can't I use ordinary Plain Flour? Well, HK Flour is highly bleached. Freshly-milled flour is unbleached and is yellowish naturally. Bleaching not only whitens the flour, it breaks down the gluten level further and makes the flour softer.  HK Flour has about the same protein level as Pastry Flour, about 8-10%, whereas Cake Flour has a slightly lower protein level, about 6-8%. Hence HK Flour, Pau Flour and Cake Flour which are all bleached low-protein flours are suitable for making asian dim sum especially the HK-style smiling char siew buns which have a very white fluffy texture. 


Then how does HK Flour differ from Superlite Flour and Top Flour which are often mentioned in recipes from Singapore and Malaysia? According to the Prima Flour website, "Superlite Flour is a super soft flour best used for making Hong Kong type steamed buns, Japanese castella cake, Malay sponge cake (kueh baulu) and others where a specially soft and light texture is required. This flour is also referred to as "Hong Kong Flour" by some users." Ok, mystery solved. So the Prima brand Superlite Flour is actually just Hong Kong Flour! 



Then what about Prima Top Flour? The Prima website says that "Top Flour is an extra-fine quality flour to give exceptionally smooth and fine texture for your baking needs. It is especially ideal for baking very fine cakes; such as chiffon cakes, swiss rolls, crepes, cake doughnuts and butter cookies."  I have never used Prima Superlite Flour or Top Flour before, and I don't know their protein level so I can't tell you what is the difference, but I suspect if there is a difference, it is very subtle in terms of protein level. They should be very similar in nature as in they are both low-protein flours for making delicate cakes and cookies. 


Not to forget, Prima also has a Cake Flour which we already know what it is. The Prima website says that "Cake Flour is a superb quality, soft-as-silk flour. It has excellent tolerance to a high amount of butter and sugar, resulting in cakes of good volume. This flour is best used for baking sponge cakes and very rich cakes like pound cakes." 







I have never understood why flour mills such as Prima need to come up with so many different types of low-protein flours just to confuse the consumers? Why don't they just label the protein level for its flours. Just tell us how much protein level (and gluten level) there is in Superlite Flour vs Top Flour vs Cake Flour, is it that difficult? So if one wants to bake a chiffon cake, do you only use Top Flour? Total rubbish. I have always used Cake Flour (not the Prima brand) for making chiffon cakes bcos I can't get the Prima Top Flour or Superlite Flour here, and sometimes I substitute by using All-Purpose Flour with a little cornstarch. 

Coming up, more pictures of flours will be uploaded and there will also be a Part 2.

Sources:
http://www.joyofbaking.com/flour.html
http://baking911.com/learn/ingredients/flour-and-grains/wheat-flour
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/baking-flour-facts.htm
http://www.prima.com.sg/primaflour/household/prod_pr_flour2.htm

Thursday, May 2, 2013

AB #31 - Smiling Char Siew Bao Hong Kong Style (港式叉烧包)


I would be lying if I tell you I made this on 1st May. No, I made this a few weeks ago, in preparation for my steamed buns event. I actually bookmarked quite a few bao recipes with good reviews from other bloggers, nearly 10 of them, with the intention of trying out all. But after a while, I realised that I had to be selective, so I narrowed down to just 2 to 3 recipes for making the Hong Kong style of smiling bao. These 2-3 recipes contain ingredients that I happen to stock at home, namely, double-action baking powder, HK flour or cake flour and shortening, these are the key ingredients to making the Hong Kong Style Char Siew Bao, the kind that splits into a smile on top. There were a couple of other recipes which intrigued me, but they either required the use of kansui (mixture of potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate) or ammonium bicarbonate, so those were immediately striken off the list, as there was no way I could get hold of those exotic ingredients here. :)

I have seen Lydia Teh's recipe being referenced in quite a few blogs, so hers was the first that I tried. Her recipe was quite special, she used HK flour (or cake flour), wheat starch, icing sugar, shortening (or vegetable oil) and baking powder (the normal type, not double-action) and yeast of course. What was special about her recipe was that she sprinkled the dissolved baking powder over the dough instead of adding it at the beginning. For those of you who can't get double-action baking powder overseas, this is the recipe to try! But you have to get your hands on yet another difficult-to-get ingredient, which is wheat starch, otherwise known as tung mein fun, tung fun or 澄粉. Now, which ingredient is more difficult to find overseas, double-action baking powder or wheat starch? The former of course!

By the way, wheat starch is NOT wheat flour, NEITHER is it corn starch NOR potato starch NOR tapioca starch, please don't get it wrong! Wheat starch is a type of flour often used for making dim sum and is responsible for the translucent skin of shrimp dumplings (har kow). If you can't get wheat starch from the supermart, then I can only advise you to skip this recipe and try another one. It is apparently quite easily available in Belgium, I got mine from a chinese supermart in Antwerp Chinatown. 



Some of you may wonder what are the differences between Hong Kong flour, cake flour and plain flour/all-purpose flour? Well, if I start discussing what are the differences in detail, this post will get very very lengthy. Just suffice to say that all these flours differ in their gluten levels. Cake flour is 6-8%, HK flour is 8-10%, plain flour or all purpose flour is 10-12% whereas bread flour is 12-14%. 

HK flour (otherwise known as Water Lily flour 香港水仙面粉) is highly bleached. Why do you need to bleach the flour? Well, freshly-milled flour is unbleached and is yellowish naturally. Bleaching whitens the flour, breaks down the gluten level further and makes the flour softer, hence HK flour is most suitable for making asian dim sum especially this HK style of fluffy super-white char siew baos. You sometimes hear pau flour used interchangebly with HK flour. Well, pau flour is mostly synonymous with HK flour but if it is the premix type of pau flour, then it contains extra ingredients such as yeast. Cake flour is made from soft wheat flour and is also bleached most of the time. It has even lower gluten level than HK flour and is suitable for making cakes, biscuits and cookies with a tender and delicate structure. So if you wanna make super-white buns, whiter than the face of Michael Jackson, make sure you use HK flour, pau flour, or cake flour, because they are all bleached low-gluten flours. 



I am very happy with the results of this recipe, it produced soft, smooth and fluffy char siew baos, surprisingly white with a very good texture and the texture was still as good even on the 2nd and 3rd day, just as long as you keep in the fridge and warm it up before eating. 

Ok, I know I am very long-winded and you have already dozed off. So let's get started and get our hands dirty!



Hong Kong Style Smiling Char Siew Bao (港式叉烧包) (makes 16 buns)

(Fillings recipe is adapted from my char siew bao recipe)
Ingredients (Fillings)

250g char siew, chopped
1 onion or 2 shallots, chopped
1 tbsp oyster sauce
1 tbsp light soya sauce
1 tsp sesame oil
150ml water + 1.5 tbsp corn starch
1/4 tsp salt
1 tbsp castor sugar
1-2 tbsp oil for frying 

Method (Fillings)
1. Heat up a wok and add in 1-2 tbsp oil for frying. Add in chopped onion or shallots, followed by  chopped  char siew, oyster sauce, light soya sauce and sesame oil. Season with salt and sugar.

2. Fry for 1-2 min, then add in the cornstarch solution and continue to stir until it thickens. Remove from heat and set the char siew aside to be cooled. Divide into 16 portions.


(Bao dough recipe is adapted from Lydia Teh of mykitch3n)

Ingredients (Bao Dough)
8 g or 2.5 tsp instant dry yeast (I used Bruggeman, belgian brand)
160 ml lukewarm water
0.5 tsp white vinegar or lemon juice (optional)

280 g Hong Kong flour or cake flour (I used cake flour)
100 g wheat starch 
90 g icing sugar 
30 g shortening or vegetable oil (I used shortening. Do not use peanut oil or olive oil if you are using vegetable oil)

10 g or 2 tsp baking powder
10 ml cold water

Method (Bao Dough)
1. Sift together HK flour/cake flour, wheat starch and icing sugar in a large mixing bowl and make a well in the middle. 

2. Fill the well with lukewarm water, vinegar and yeast. Use a spatula, gently stir the water to dissolve the yeast then slowly bring together the flour mixture. 

3. Add in shortening or vegetable oil and knead for 10-15 min until a soft smooth dough is formed. (I kneaded for 15 min using the dough mode of my bread machine. The end result should be a smooth non-stick dough.)

4. Cover dough with plastic clingwrap or damp kitchen towel and let it rise for 30 min or until doubled in size. (I proofed my dough for 40 min.)

5. Dissolve baking powder in COLD water, sprinkle over dough and knead until well combined. There is no need to rest the dough after adding in baking powder, but if time allows, rest it for 10 min to get fluffier buns. (I used my hands to give the dough a thorough knead for 2 to 3 min. Note that the 2 tsp of baking powder fizzled and became foamy when dissolved in cold water. The baking powder became cakey and grainy and I had to add a few extra drops of cold water to dissolve it, just a few drops, don't add too much. The key is you have to keep stirring the baking powder solution, until the baking powder is fully dissolved, before you add it to the dough. If the baking powder failed to dissolve, either because you didn't stir well or you didn't knead well, then you would end up with yellow specks on your baos. Luckily for me, there were no yellow specks!)

6. Divide dough into 16 equal portions and flatten with a rolling pin to make a 12 cm circle, with the corner of the circle thinner than the centre. Place 1 heaped teaspoon of fillings in the centre, pleat it and seal it tightly, about 9 to 10 pleats per bun. (My dough was about 640 grams, after dividing by 16, each piece of dough was about 40 grams each. After wrapping up the fillings and steaming, each bao weighed about 65 grams! This dough was not sticky and very pliable, there was generally no need to flour the work surface. Note: If you would like to learn how to wrap a chinese bun, this video will teach you how.)

7. Place each bun on a 8 x 8 cm square piece of baking paper with the sealed side facing up. Cover with plastic clingwrap and let it rest and proof for about 15 min(I proofed mine for more than 15 min because I was too slow in pleating the buns, so some of them had been rested longer and hence risen higher than others.)

8. In the mean time, heat up a steamer in advance. After proofing for 15 min, arrange the buns into the steamer, leaving about 1-inch gap in between buns. Spray water mist over the buns and steam at HIGH heat for 12 min(I did not spray the buns. I used an aluminium stacked steamer, and 14 buns were spread over 2 levels, and due to lack of space, 2 other buns were steamed separately in a wok.)

9. Remove buns from steamer and transfer them to a cooling rack to prevent soggy bottom. The buns are best eaten hot. When you need to eat one, just warm it up in a steamer for 5 min or in a microwave for about 1 min.


Notes:
1. My char siew baos were very soft, smooth and fluffy, and quite whitish, not 100% white but pretty white for me. And they all broke into a nice smile just like the famous HK style char siew bao! I used a 8% gluten level cake flour from Thailand called Royal Fan Wheat Flour and I used Crisco shortening. If you want steamed white buns, you have to use both : bleached HK flour/cake flour and shortening. If either one is replaced, you will end up with yellowish buns.

2. You may replace shortening with vegetable oil, that will generally not affect the taste, but the buns will be yellowish. 

3. If you don't have HK flour, pau flour or cake flour, here is an easy substitution from JoyofBaking. You may substitute cake flour with bleached all-purpose flour (note the word bleached), 1 cup of sifted cake flour (100 g) is equal to 3/4 cup (84 g) sifted bleached all-purpose flour plus 2 tbsp (15 g) corn starch. But if you use unbleached all-purpose flour, then your buns will be yellowish. If you use all-purpose flour without any corn starch added, the flour gluten level will not be low enough and the buns will not be as soft and fluffy, so it is not recommended.

4. Wheat starch is an important ingredient in this recipe, there is no substitution that I know of. So you don't have wheat starch, you would have to give this recipe a miss.

5. The steamer must be preheated and the water must be boiling before you put in the buns. Also do not open the lid when the buns are still steaming. When you open the lid, be careful that the condensation don't drip onto the steamed buns. You may cover the lid of the steamer by wrapping a tea towel around the lid to avoid condensation from dripping onto buns.

6. Lydia Teh advised to spray the bun surface with water mist so as to produce smooth buns after steaming, I didn't do that but my buns were still pretty smooth. She also advised to add a few drops of vinegar in the steaming water so as to produce whiter buns, I didn't do that so I am not sure how true that is.

7. If there are yellowish specks or spots on your steamed buns, and you are using HK flour/cake flour and shortening, that can only mean one thing, your baking powder is not fully dissolved. See my advice above in blue under step 5.


Thanks to His Majesty for being my model for this photo. For once he didn't fidget!

I am submitting this post to Aspiring Bakers #31 - Bao Ho-Chiak (May 2013) hosted by none other than myself, Miss B of Everybody Eats Well in Flanders. :)

This post has also been submitted to YeastSpotting.

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